Hi what you are going to be looking at is my Science homework all on CSI-Crime Scene Investigation. This what you will be reading about;
Week 1 Fingerprints
Week 2 Blood Types
Week 3 DNA Fingerprinting
Week 4 Chromatography
Week 5 Microscopes
Week 6&7 Case Study (looking at how a
particular crime solved)
Tuesday, November 18, 2008
Week 1: Fingerprints
A fingerprint is an arrangement called 'fraction ridge skin'. This covers the whole hands and feet, and they consist of tiny ridges and furrows. The ridges on the tips of your fingers are arranged into different patterns which make up your fingerprints.The arrangement of these ridges and furrows are unique to an individual and does not change throughout life, which makes it useful for identification purposes.Skin cells grow on the surface of the skin and fuse to form the ridges. As these ridges form, some fuse, some branch and others break to form individual ridge features and ridge patterns.
A fingerprint is an arrangement called 'fraction ridge skin'. This covers the whole hands and feet, and they consist of tiny ridges and furrows. The ridges on the tips of your fingers are arranged into different patterns which make up your fingerprints.The arrangement of these ridges and furrows are unique to an individual and does not change throughout life, which makes it useful for identification purposes.Skin cells grow on the surface of the skin and fuse to form the ridges. As these ridges form, some fuse, some branch and others break to form individual ridge features and ridge patterns.
Week 2: Blood Type
These are the different blood types.A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). Antigens are usally protiens and is a substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and can cause an immune response.
Percentage of People with Diffrent Blood Types
O+ = 37%
O- = 07%
A+ = 35%
A- = 07%
B+ = 08%
B- = 02%
AB+ = 03%
AB- = 01%
O+ = 37%
O- = 07%
A+ = 35%
A- = 07%
B+ = 08%
B- = 02%
AB+ = 03%
AB- = 01%
Week 3:DNA Fingerprinting
The vast majority of a humans DNA will match exactly that of any other human, making distinguishing between two people rather difficult. So they use fingerprinting instead because everybody’s fingerprints are different whether it being a ridge on one hand is slightly bigger than a ridge on a different hand. Even if somebody has a twin the ridges will still be different between the twins.
Week 4: Chromatography
CSI use this if a note has been left at a murder scene then the can find out what pen was used to write the note.
What you Need;
• Paper coffee filters
• One black permanent pen
• Black water soluble pens
• Container full of water
• Several sheets of paper
• Small glasses or plastic containers
• Isopropyl rubbing alcohol*
• Pencils
• Tape
• Scissors
• Stapler
Part I - Separating Black Ink
1. Cut several coffee filters into long strips, one strip per pen.
2. Fold the end of each strip over then staple it to form a loop.
3. Place a dot of ink near the bottom of each strip. Use a pencil to identify which strip belongs to which pen.
4. Poke a pencil through one of the loops you just made. Use the pencil to suspend the strip in a small glass or container.
5. Carefully add water to the glass until it reaches the bottom of the paper strip just below the ink dot. Be sure the ink stays above the water and the paper stays in the water.
6. Allow the water to soak up the strip and watch what happens to the ink drop.
7. If the ink you are testing does not spread out, re-test it using rubbing alcohol.
8. Repeat this process for each strip and compare your results.
9. Let the strips dry and tape them on a sheet of paper as a record of the different pen types.
Part 2- Secret Note Challenge
1. Turn your back while someone uses one of the pens you just tested to write a secret note on a piece of coffee filter.
2. Cut out several individual letters from the note.
3. Staple each letter to the bottom of a strip of coffee filter.
4. Conduct the chromatography experiment above to determine which pen was used to write the secret note.
Watch how the ink spreads up the paper. Compare it to your known samples of ink.
Because molecules in ink and other mixtures have different characteristics (such as size and solubility), they travel at different speeds when pulled along a piece of paper by a solvent (in this case, water). For example, black ink contains several colours. When the water flows through a word written in black, the molecules of each one of the colours behave differently, resulting in a sort of “rainbow” effect.
CSI use this if a note has been left at a murder scene then the can find out what pen was used to write the note.
What you Need;
• Paper coffee filters
• One black permanent pen
• Black water soluble pens
• Container full of water
• Several sheets of paper
• Small glasses or plastic containers
• Isopropyl rubbing alcohol*
• Pencils
• Tape
• Scissors
• Stapler
Part I - Separating Black Ink
1. Cut several coffee filters into long strips, one strip per pen.
2. Fold the end of each strip over then staple it to form a loop.
3. Place a dot of ink near the bottom of each strip. Use a pencil to identify which strip belongs to which pen.
4. Poke a pencil through one of the loops you just made. Use the pencil to suspend the strip in a small glass or container.
5. Carefully add water to the glass until it reaches the bottom of the paper strip just below the ink dot. Be sure the ink stays above the water and the paper stays in the water.
6. Allow the water to soak up the strip and watch what happens to the ink drop.
7. If the ink you are testing does not spread out, re-test it using rubbing alcohol.
8. Repeat this process for each strip and compare your results.
9. Let the strips dry and tape them on a sheet of paper as a record of the different pen types.
Part 2- Secret Note Challenge
1. Turn your back while someone uses one of the pens you just tested to write a secret note on a piece of coffee filter.
2. Cut out several individual letters from the note.
3. Staple each letter to the bottom of a strip of coffee filter.
4. Conduct the chromatography experiment above to determine which pen was used to write the secret note.
Watch how the ink spreads up the paper. Compare it to your known samples of ink.
Because molecules in ink and other mixtures have different characteristics (such as size and solubility), they travel at different speeds when pulled along a piece of paper by a solvent (in this case, water). For example, black ink contains several colours. When the water flows through a word written in black, the molecules of each one of the colours behave differently, resulting in a sort of “rainbow” effect.
Week 5: Microscopes
Microscopes were invented by Anton van Leeuwenhoek. a microscope is a thing that you look through that makes small things look bigger like a magnifing glass this is called microscopic .The term 'microscopic' means miniature or very little, not able to be seen with the eye unless helped by a microscope.
Week 6&7 :Case study (looking at a particular crime and see how it was solved)
On 9 July 1996, Lin Russell and her two daughters Megan, six, and Josie, nine, were attacked by a man with a hammer while walking down a Kent country lane.Lin and Megan died. Josie survived but suffered serious head injuries.A year later, Michael Stone, who had a personality disorder and drug-induced psychosis, was arrested and charged with double murder and attempted murder.Although an independent inquiry was completed by the end of 2000, its commissioners decided to hold back publication pending legal challenges by Stone. This meant the report was not published for another six years.The report criticised the loss of a substantial part of Stone's medical records by the prison service and the lack of communication between different agencies involved in his treatment.
Why did it take so long?
An internal review of West Kent health authority, Kent county council and Kent probation service into the care of Michael Stone was completed in May 1998 by two independent mental health experts, consultant psychiatrist Dr Parimala Moodley and former senior psychiatric social worker and social services inspector Mary Hancock.A few months later, in October 1998, Stone was convicted but shortly afterwards a prosecution witness admitted lying under oath, sparking an appeal.In the meantime, an independent inquiry was commissioned jointly by West Kent health authority (now NHS South East Coast), Kent county council and Kent probation service. It reported in November 2000.In February 2001, it was announced there would be a retrial following Stone's appeal. This resulted in a second guilty verdict and a life sentence in October 2001.In April 2003, as the independent report was about to be published, Stone's lawyers announced that he was seeking a second appeal. He lost this appeal in January 2005.Stone then tried to stop publication of the report by issuing proceedings for judicial review, on the grounds that it would disclose his private life.In July 2006, the judicial review gave the go-ahead for publication, which finally happened in September 2006.The joint action plan has not yet been signed off by the strategic health authority as there has not been enough improvement in the provision of low-secure services.
Trust response
Director of nursing at Kent and Medway Partnership trust Peter Hasler said many problems were dealt with after the internal review.
He told hsj.co.uk: 'The action plan has largely been addressed now.
'General provision of the more forensic medium-secure end of services [medium-security locked wards] has improved hugely in the last 18 months. In Stone's day there were only 25 beds.
'He was asking for detox and didn't get it. A new facility opened four weeks ago to address this kind of issue.'But he agreed that the report had taken too long to publish and admitted this had caused problems.
On 9 July 1996, Lin Russell and her two daughters Megan, six, and Josie, nine, were attacked by a man with a hammer while walking down a Kent country lane.Lin and Megan died. Josie survived but suffered serious head injuries.A year later, Michael Stone, who had a personality disorder and drug-induced psychosis, was arrested and charged with double murder and attempted murder.Although an independent inquiry was completed by the end of 2000, its commissioners decided to hold back publication pending legal challenges by Stone. This meant the report was not published for another six years.The report criticised the loss of a substantial part of Stone's medical records by the prison service and the lack of communication between different agencies involved in his treatment.
Why did it take so long?
An internal review of West Kent health authority, Kent county council and Kent probation service into the care of Michael Stone was completed in May 1998 by two independent mental health experts, consultant psychiatrist Dr Parimala Moodley and former senior psychiatric social worker and social services inspector Mary Hancock.A few months later, in October 1998, Stone was convicted but shortly afterwards a prosecution witness admitted lying under oath, sparking an appeal.In the meantime, an independent inquiry was commissioned jointly by West Kent health authority (now NHS South East Coast), Kent county council and Kent probation service. It reported in November 2000.In February 2001, it was announced there would be a retrial following Stone's appeal. This resulted in a second guilty verdict and a life sentence in October 2001.In April 2003, as the independent report was about to be published, Stone's lawyers announced that he was seeking a second appeal. He lost this appeal in January 2005.Stone then tried to stop publication of the report by issuing proceedings for judicial review, on the grounds that it would disclose his private life.In July 2006, the judicial review gave the go-ahead for publication, which finally happened in September 2006.The joint action plan has not yet been signed off by the strategic health authority as there has not been enough improvement in the provision of low-secure services.
Trust response
Director of nursing at Kent and Medway Partnership trust Peter Hasler said many problems were dealt with after the internal review.
He told hsj.co.uk: 'The action plan has largely been addressed now.
'General provision of the more forensic medium-secure end of services [medium-security locked wards] has improved hugely in the last 18 months. In Stone's day there were only 25 beds.
'He was asking for detox and didn't get it. A new facility opened four weeks ago to address this kind of issue.'But he agreed that the report had taken too long to publish and admitted this had caused problems.
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